Example: Iraq became an independent State in 1932 and this set off an in-house war and the jockeying for power between indigenous Kurds, Assyrians, Persians, Azides, and others, plus tribal conflicts witIh Arab Nationalists, which again sparked Sunni/Shiite conflicts. It is 94 years later and what has changed?? Remember, the idea of Pan-Arabism was created in the 1900’s