1897 was when the First Zionist Congress met in Switzerland. It was 200 people from 17 countries to strengthen and foster of Jewish national sentiment and national consciousness. You would understand if you knew a little about the treatment of Jews in European history.
The Ottoman Empire lasted from the early 12th century until the end of World War I and covered parts of Southeastern Europe, Anatolia, and much of the Middle East. The experience of Jews in the Ottoman Empire is particularly significant because the region “provided a principal place of refuge for Jews driven out of Western Europe by massacres and persecution. —Please think before you post again