“1) Palestine existed before any British and any notion of a Jew was conceived.” —- It is a geographical location on the map. Jesus was both a Jew, and also called a Judean, in terms of his location: he lived in the land of Judea. Jesus, Paul, John the Baptist all Judeans in the Bible, born in today’s West Bank.
After the Romans sacked Jerusalem, Pontius Pilate became the Roman governor of Judaea